Apparatus and method for resetting circadian rhythms via color palette transitions in a virtual sky projected in a digital space

ABSTRACT

A method includes projecting a dark virtual sky in a digital space. The dark virtual sky is transitioned to a dawn virtual sky in the digital space. The dawn virtual sky is altered to introduce a daytime virtual sky in the digital space. The daytime virtual sky is modified to produce a dusk virtual sky in the digital space. All of the virtual sky transitions are performed in a time period of less than six minutes.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 63/144,898, filed Feb. 2, 2021, the contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to alleviating symptoms stemming from adisrupted circadian rhythm. More particularly, this invention isdirected toward techniques for resetting a circadian rhythm via colorpalette transitions in a virtual sky projected in a digital space.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A circadian rhythm is a process that regulates the sleep-wake cycleassociated with a 24-hour period (reference to a 24-hour period includesslightly longer solar and sidereal days). Air travel and excessive workcommonly disrupt an individual's circadian rhythm and subsequently leadsto physical disorders, such as fatigue, anxiety and depression.

Thus, there is a need to address the problem of disrupted circadianrhythms.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A method includes projecting a dark virtual sky in a digital space. Thedark virtual sky is transitioned to a dawn virtual sky in the digitalspace. The dawn virtual sky is altered to introduce a daytime virtualsky in the digital space. The daytime virtual sky is modified to producea dusk virtual sky in the digital space. All of the virtual skytransitions are performed in a time period of less than six minutes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention is more fully appreciated in connection with the followingdetailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a system configured in accordance with an embodimentof the invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates processing operations associated with an embodimentof the invention.

FIG. 3A illustrates a dark virtual sky projected in a digital space inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3B illustrates a dawn virtual sky projected in digital space inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3C illustrates a daytime virtual sky projected in digital space inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3D illustrates a dusk virtual sky projected in digital space inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout theseveral views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 configured in accordance with anembodiment of the invention. The system 100 includes a set of clientdevices 102_1 through 102_N in communication with a server 104 via anetwork 106, which may be any combination of wired and wirelessnetworks. The client devices 102_1 through 102_N may be computers,tablets, mobile devices, game consoles, game controllers, head-mounteddevices and the like. By way of example, client device 102_1 includes aprocessor 110 (e.g., a central processing unit) in communication withinput/output devices 112 via a bus 114. The input/output devices 112 mayinclude input devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, touch display and thelike. The output devices include at least one display, which may becircular. The output devices may include multiple display devices. Theoutput devices may be head-mounted devices. A network interface circuit116 is also connected to bus 114 to provide connectivity to network 106.A memory 120 is also connected to the bus 114. The memory 120 stores aclient module 122 with instructions executed by processor 110 to accessserver 104 to obtain digital content of the type disclosed herein. Thedigital content is displayed to a user on one or more output devices.

Server 104 includes a processor 130, input/output devices 132, bus 134and network interface circuit 136. A memory 140 is connected to bus 134.The memory 140 stores a virtual sky projection module 142 withinstructions executed by processor 130 to implement operations disclosedherein. The virtual sky projection module 142 may be installed on anyone of client devices 102_1 through 102_N. The invention is disclosed inthe context of a client-server environment by way of example, not by wayof limitation.

FIG. 2 illustrates operations implemented by the virtual sky projectionmodule 142. A dark virtual sky is projected in digital space 200. FIG.3A illustrates a dark virtual sky 300 presented to a subject 301. In oneembodiment, the dark virtual sky includes one or more gaze pointobjects. In this example, there is a single gaze point object in theform of a light circle in the dark virtual sky. The dark virtual sky maybe on a display, a set of displays, a circular display, the walls of anenclosed space, a head-mounted device and the like.

The next operation of FIG. 2 is to transition to a dawn virtual sky 202.FIG. 3B illustrates a dawn virtual sky 302. A pre-dawn virtual sky mayproceed the dawn virtual sky in the digital space.

The next operation of FIG. 2 is to introduce a daytime virtual sky 204.FIG. 3C illustrates a daytime virtual sky 304.

The final operation of FIG. 2 is to produce a dusk virtual sky 206. FIG.3D illustrates a dusk virtual sky 306. A pre-dusk virtual sky mayproceed the dusk virtual sky in the digital space.

The invention is fully disclosed. The following discussion suppliesadditional details associated with various embodiments of the invention.

In one embodiment, there is provided a function on a display unit or asprojected onto or through a surface which functions as a display unit, asingular object or plurality of objects (i.e., gaze point object or gazepoint objects), at a fixed point or bounded by a region or moving orrotating in two or three-dimensional space, realized at a distance fromthe user as part of a horizon or above a ground plane in a virtualrepresentation or simulacrum of the earth's sky. The projection of thevirtual sky may be equirectangular or panoramic or wide, upon which theuser gazes while their full field of view is enveloped by anever-changing transition of color gradation and light intensityoccurring at an increased speed. This transformation imitates thevariance in sky colors and their brightness during the passage of atwenty-four-hour day-night cycle. In one embodiment, this occurs withoutgraphical representations of planetary bodies (e.g., sun, moon, stars)present in the virtual sky.

The user experiences in a full field of view the constantly developingappearance of the earth's sky between sunrise and sunset and nighttime,realized in a virtual environment and across a compressed time period,rather than in real time. The compressed time is from an hour to mereseconds or other user-definable duration. In one embodiment, thecompressed time period is six minutes or less. In so doing, theInvention mimics the transforming color temperature of the earth's skyfrom 0K to <7000K and solar irradiance from 0 w/m² to 1250 w/m², and theeffects of diffuse sky radiation such as Rayleigh and Ramen scatteringof sunlight, and meteorological changes such as temperature inversion,that turn the sky a multitude of colors over a twenty-four hour periodwith shifting lambency: from the blue colors of the daytime and twilightsky, to the burning red and yellow hues of dusk, as well as otheroptical phenomena such as green flashes.

By exposing the user to the dynamic color palette of a virtual sky withan accelerated day-night cycle, the disclosed technology coordinateschronosynchronization throughout body systems, resetting to theirinitial temporal state physiological functions affected by dysregulationand/or asynchronism: autonomous oscillations, known as circadianrhythms, in and relative to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of thehypothalamus and the body's network of organ, tissue, and cells whichprevent or alleviate the effects of autonomic dysfunction, acute fatigueand myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue), anxiety and depression.

The process of establishing chronosynchronization in the user isindependent of environment setting and requires that the userparticipate in an activity which focusses gaze at a fixed point,relative to the user, while the transition of hues and brightness fills,envelops or occurs in their field-of-view. The transition has a variablegraphical appearance which triggers the user's cognitive recognition ofnight and day or other light patterns affecting cognitive perception.The location, shape or appearance, size, position, orientation and, ifmoving on a trajectory, speed of transit or rotation and direction ofthe object(s), may be varied, whether by the user or dynamically.

The virtual sky can be displayed in a standalone environment or, whereembedded, can dynamically interact with the flow of an environment, suchas in a game program or the real world. The user can voluntarily summonthe virtual sky or be prompted to do so if a computer program determinesthat the user needs to reset the autonomous oscillations of the body,whether as according to a predetermined condition or a conditiongenerated by the computer or program itself. User interaction with thevirtual sky may include button, gesture or voice commands.

A variation of the technology is its ability to establishchronosynchronization using a day-night cycle relative to the user'slatitude and/or longitude, whereupon the color gradation and lightintensity will reflect the real-world sky at the user's geographiclocation.

A variation of the technology is its ability to establishchronosynchronization by imitating a day-night cycle relative to that ofanother planetary object and its geostationary or geosynchronous orbit.Color temperature and solar irradiance, or other optical phenomena, inthe real-world sky on another planetary object may be sampled orcalculated using, including but not limited to, photographs and videocaptured by an autonomous exploration vehicle and subsequentlyreproduced in the virtual sky.

An embodiment of the technology is a display to the user when a portablehead-mounted electronic device or apparatus is worn on the user's head,such as a virtual reality or augmented reality or mixed realityhead-mounted device, or other such device or apparatus which may or maynot retain a portable electronic device as a method of operation andcommunication, but which otherwise acts as a method of display to theuser.

Another embodiment of the technology is its representation not only on asingular display surface but also across multiple display surfaces suchas a computer, portable display screen, folding device with or withoutflexible display screen, mobile phone, watch, seatback or wall-mounteddisplay, augmented reality head-up display, digital mirror device, orholographic display. Irrespective of the proximity from the user, theuser may hold, place or situate in front of themselves a singulardisplay or multiple displays while looking at and interacting with thevirtual sky. Interactions with the virtual sky may include by capacitivetouch, eye tracking or any other method of interaction determined by theuser and/or software and/or device, which either partially or in itsentirety can span multiple screens and/or devices and is platformagnostic.

An embodiment of the technology is its representation in a spacecraft,space station and/or other orbital station and/or permanentinfrastructure sustaining human operations on another planet and/orother astronomical body, aircraft and/or motor vehicle and/or trainand/or tram and/or boat, not only on a singular display surface but alsoacross multiple display surfaces such as a computer, portable displayscreen, seatback or wall-mounted display, augmented reality head-updisplay, digital mirror device or holographic display.

An embodiment of the technology is its representation in anyenvironment, such as a bedroom, clinic or office, the interior of avehicle, or an art gallery installation space, wherein a single lightingdevice or multiple lighting devices, whether smart lighting devices ornot, and whether controlled by a smart lighting control system or not,emit(s) or project(s) a color temperature and light transition in thesurrounding area whereupon a person's gaze may be fixed at any point,whether directed to or not.

The disclosed technology coordinates a process of chronosynchronizationin a person's circadian system by resetting circadian rhythms to theirdefault state throughout the network of organ, tissue, cells andfree-living, nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes in the human body. Thedisclosed technology, therefore, facilitates precise temporalorganization of cellular processes through the stabilization of cellularclocks, further regulating stochastic timing in gene expression as partof the overall circadian system.

It is the way of all living things that life is born, matures, ages anddies. Humans are temporal by our very nature, having associated themeasurement of time with a twenty-four hour day, punctuated by periodsof light and darkness of variable length, with the revolution of theearth as it, in turn, revolves around the sun. Consequently, our bodiesuse time to keep us alive and functioning for every cell in the bodypossesses a circadian clock. As these cells organize into tissues, whichfurther organize into organs, they all tell time. There is a rate,rhythm, sequence and timing to everything which has to be coordinated,and this function is performed by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of thehypothalamus.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus coordinates organs, tissues and cells in atop down manner, synchronizing everything a human being does thatinvolves time, just as the cells, tissues and organs inform thesuprachiasmatic nucleus about what needs to be coordinated. At the sametime varied rhythms and frequencies in the body must be independentlyrun by the organs, such as a person's heartbeat and differences insystolic and diastolic pressure, while still fitting in the overallscheme of the suprachiasmatic nucleus's coordination. These rhythms areaffected primarily by light and dark cycles, but also by moreindependently controlled variables such as sleep length, sleep timing,artificial light, eating times, etc.

As society industrialized in the Victorian age and took control of theenvironment, so people learned to abolish the dark with various forms ofartificial light which impeded their sleep by entraining the circadiansystem to both delay the onset of sleep and shorten its duration. Peoplelet factors other than the appearance of dawn wake them to go to workand early-night moonlight to send them to their slumber and now performtheir work around the clock instead of during traditional daylighthours.

These environmental factors and activities, among many others, throw offcircadian rhythms in the body which affect people in profound ways. Itis universally accepted that these circadian rhythm disturbancesinterfere with sleep, but they also affect everything in our bodies thatinvolves timing, sequencing, rhythms, oscillations and rates, i.e.everything that keeps a person alive and functioning. Injuries,illnesses, psychological trauma and aging all affect the complex networkof circadian rhythms, thereby causing dysfunction, dysregulation orasynchronism. As this begins, so inflammation and cellular breakdownoccurs, thus resulting in serious illnesses such as dysautonomia,cancer, diseases of aging, depression, seasonal affective disorder,endocrine disease, acute fatigue and myalgic encephalomyelitis (chronicfatigue), heart disease, addiction, sleep disturbance and cognitiveproblem solving deficits, alongside a broad set of additional symptoms.It is the circadian system's ability to coordinate all of the body'stiming mechanisms that determines when people start to malfunction, downto the cellular level. As this system breaks down and stops functioning,we die, whether from a catastrophic injury or a slow, lingering illness.Regardless of the cause, when the circadian rhythm system ceases tofunction, life can no longer be supported.

The disclosed technology addresses the effects of sleep disorders byexposing the user to a transition of color temperature and lightintensity that reproduces or pertains to the time period between theonset of dusk and the emergence of dawn in a day-night cycle. Thedisclosed technology should be used during hours of darkness toestablish chronosynchronization, prior to or after a waking, duringwhich time the user may experience disorders of: initiating andmaintaining sleep, excessive somnolence, a sleep-wake scheduledisruption, and other dysfunctions associated with sleep, sleep stages,or partial arousals including parasomnias. People who experiencesleep-wake schedule disruptions, owing to an irregular or compressedsleep schedule in response to their working environment, will benefitfrom chronosynchronization being established by the disclosedtechnology, including but not limited to: night-shift workers, militarypersonnel and defense contractors, professional athletes, long-haulgoods transportation drivers, miners, and scientists and researchersworking in extreme conditions such as at the earth's poles.

The disclosed technology further addresses the effects of asynchronismin the circadian system as a direct consequence of jet or travel lag andspace flight, orbit and exploration. In jet or travel lag, asynchronismin the circadian system occurs as the result of a person being exposedto temporary shifts in the day-night cycle while traveling across timezones. Transient disruption to sleep architecture causes phasemisalignments of the sleep-wake cycle which are addressed by use of thedisclosed technology to establish chronosynchronization at thegeographic point of departure and subsequent point of arrival. In spacetravel, orbit and exploration, asynchronism occurs in the circadiansystem as people enter into a different day-night cycle to earth. Be itin space flight or while stationary or geostationary, the circadiansystem is subjected to the rotation of a planetary object. On theinternational space station, astronauts experience an entire day-nightcycle rotating around the earth once every ninety minutes. Space lag is,therefore, extreme, causing substantive disruption to sleeparchitecture. To address this issue, it is critical that a day-nightstructure be maintained in space which mirrors that on earth. Theinvention does this by establishing chronosynchronization relative toearth's day-night cycle. However, the invention can also display aday-night cycle relative to that of another planetary object, where thisdifferent time period may be deemed necessary for chronosynchronizationto be achieved in space flight towards the planetary object, or upon theplanetary surface.

The circadian system in the human body will inevitably fail. Itslong-lasting stability is remarkable, however it will break down withaging, injury, chronic illness and trauma. The circadian system isdependent upon external factors affecting the hypothalamus and thecellular clocks. In a virtual or projected environment these variablescan be taken into account and coordinated in a significantly compressedtimespan. Conversely, real world attempts to reset the cellular clockswithin the circadian system are fraught with failure, with acceptedclinical medical practice being: (1) light and dark exposure, includingspecific bands of light with or without cognitive behavioral therapy;(2) pharmaceutical intervention; (3) the rotation of a person's sleeppatterns, such that they time their sleep schedule three hours ahead ona daily basis until arriving at a desired hour some seven to eight dayslater; and (4) a combination of the above mentioned light and darkexposure, feeding and fasting behavior and physical exercise, whichrequires that the individual make significant lifestyle changes. Unlikethese minimally effective approaches, that can take years to seeresults, embodiments of the invention take minutes to perform a reset ofthe circadian system, which can be repeated at timed intervals with noimpact on lifestyle.

Further, in virtual, augmented or mixed reality, time, timing, sequence,rate, rhythm, oscillation, brain wave entrainment including alpha, beta,delta, gamma, theta and other waves, light, dark, color, latitude,longitude, season, can all be configured and brought to bear bothconcurrently and at the user's convenience. In normal reality, theprecision of this approach would not be possible. The goal, therefore,is to instruct the circadian system to reset itself at thesuprachiasmatic nucleus and for that reset to then be channeled amongthe cellular clocks. As genes turn other genes on and off, so thecircadian system makes granular adjustments to a person's innate senseof time that can have a lasting and cumulative effect. Instead of takingdays to years to attempt to reset, this can be done in as little as aminute and as long as six minutes. Further, as the circadian clock inevery cell is adjustable by systemic and local machinations of thesympathetic (systemic) and parasympathetic (local) nervous systems,demonstrable outputs can be seen from those automatic activities in thehuman body which do not require conscious intervention; those which aresequenced and timed by the circadian rhythms that determine cortisolrelease sequencing, dopamine release amount, location sequencing, lightto dark sequencing, and blood brain barrier sequencing.

Once adjustments are made at genetic levels, so instruction sets aresent out within the human body to modify the circadian system. Thisinvolves adjustment at the suprachiasmatic nucleus, instructingentrainment downwards as the cellular clocks further instructentrainment upwards to it. In concert with daily resets at morning andbedtime, in our modern environments that inhibit natural circadianrhythms which are set at dawn and dusk, the changes should not onlyoccur but should last. By resetting the overall circadian system we mayslow down the effect of time on our bodies. Indeed, it is not thepassage of time that creates problems, rather it is asynchronism ofthese autonomous oscillations that does; it is the failure to lockcircadian rhythms to the cellular clocks that causes inflammation whichsubsequently ages us.

Resetting the circadian system at rise and bedtime should establish astable entrainment that does not drift in time as much. When it does,use of the disclosed technology should reset the asynchrony, therebypreventing or inhibiting further temporal drift which will cause morecircadian clock disruptions over time. Since each organ relies upon itsspecific use of time, that must remain coordinated by light and darkperiods being received by the retina and passed to the suprachiasmaticnucleus, sequential daily resets should also be soothing and relaxing,imparting energy during the day and restful sleep at night, whilefurther maintaining good melatonin levels and fighting off majorillnesses.

A good illustration of circadian entrainment is the sequencing people doduring the day. We tend to perform many steps in a specific order to getthrough the day. If that sequencing is disrupted, however, we tend toexperience mild discomfort which is only corrected by putting subsequentsteps back in order. If that discomfort is allowed to build, anxietydevelops. Therefore, coordinating the sequences with the driftingcircadian system restores well-being. Resetting the circadian systemregularly should decrease anxiety substantively.

Since resetting the circadian rhythm system is so difficult in real timein the real world, no one has ever really had the chance to study thiseffect in people over time. Using the disclosed technology allows us todo so simply, quickly, and effectively. Further, developing a routine ofusing the disclosed technology upon awakening and going to sleep shouldafford people a great hedge against diseases of aging and slow downaging itself. Clearly, the circadian system has direct effects uponepigenetics and, if used regularly, the invention could positively alterthe epigenome.

The virtual sky can be varied or altered while accomplishing itsobjective as the activity involved is unrelated to the end result. Theuser can be instructed to perform actions that have little to do withthe end result or otherwise perform actions without being aware of theend result. There is a wide scope to vary the representation of thetechnology by changing color, intensity, texture, dimension, shape,sound, flavor and smell. It is also not necessary to represent the colortemperature and light intensity transition as mimicking the day-nightcycle. In addition, sound alone may be used to assist with some aspectsof entrainment of the circadian system, affording visually-impairedusers access to the invention.

Different methods of directing user attention or engagement and activitycan also be applied to the invention, whether dynamically or not, byvarying the appearance of the singular object or plurality of objects aswell as the point of engagement and the method of engagement. Userengagement activities can include pointing, gesturing and glancing, anduser instruction can be varied (e.g. “look ahead and shoot the ball.”).Embodiments of the invention can be accessed through a variety ofsoftware or hardware devices and be augmented by a range of observationsthrough the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence,as well as neural interfacing and processing tools.

A variation of the technology is the ability to scale or transform asingular object or plurality of objects at a fixed point upon which theuser gazes by numerically increasing in size the object(s) height, widthand depth dimensions over a timed duration and numerically decreasing insize the object(s) height, width and depth dimensions over a furthertimed duration. Whereupon a plurality of objects are visible to theuser, the dimensions of these individual objects may be numericallyaugmented or diminished in size independently of each other and thetimed duration of the scaling of their dimensions may also occurindependently. The singular object or plurality of objects may berotated at any angle or velocity. The process of resizing a singularobject or plurality of objects over timed durations gives rise to asynesthetic experience. By replacing an auditory rhythm that the userhears by means of an auditory input in the region of 0.01 Hz up to 1kHz, at an optimal range of 0.01-400 Hz, with a visual rhythm receivedand transmitted by the user's visual cortex, an oscillation is set upbetween the Default Mode Network (DMN) and Frontoinsula Network (FIN)brain regions that establishes an entrainment of these two brainsuper-networks. A variation of the invention is the ability to scale ortransform a singular object or plurality of objects at a fixed pointupon which the user gazes by changing the form of the singular object orplurality of objects over a timed duration. The singular object orplurality of objects may also be transformed to their original form overan additional timed duration. The singular object or plurality ofobjects may be rotated at any angle or velocity.

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a computer storageproduct with a computer readable storage medium having computer codethereon for performing various computer-implemented operations. Themedia and computer code may be those specially designed and constructedfor the purposes of the present invention, or they may be of the kindwell known and available to those having skill in the computer softwarearts. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limitedto: magnetic media such as hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tape;optical media such as CD-ROMs, DVDs and holographic devices;magneto-optical media; and hardware devices that are speciallyconfigured to store and execute program code, such asapplication-specific integrated circuits (“ASICs”), programmable logicdevices (“PLDs”) and ROM and RAM devices. Examples of computer codeinclude machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and filescontaining higher-level code that are executed by a computer using aninterpreter. For example, an embodiment of the invention may beimplemented using JAVA®, C++, or other object-oriented programminglanguage and development tools. Another embodiment of the invention maybe implemented in hardwired circuitry in place of, or in combinationwith, machine-executable software instructions.

The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, used specificnomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the invention.However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that specificdetails are not required in order to practice the invention. Thus, theforegoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the invention arepresented for purposes of illustration and description. They are notintended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise formsdisclosed; obviously, many modifications and variations are possible inview of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and describedin order to best explain the principles of the invention and itspractical applications, they thereby enable others skilled in the art tobest utilize the invention and various embodiments with variousmodifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It isintended that the following claims and their equivalents define thescope of the invention.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: projecting a darkvirtual sky in a digital space; transitioning the dark virtual sky to adawn virtual sky in the digital space; altering the dawn virtual sky tointroduce a daytime virtual sky in the digital space; and modifying thedaytime virtual sky to produce a dusk virtual sky in the digital space,wherein projecting, transitioning, altering and modifying are performedto reset circadian rhythms via color palette transitions in the virtualsky in the digital space in a time period of less than six minutes,wherein the color palette transitions are in proportional time segmentsof a twenty-four hour day punctuated by periods of light and darkness ofvariable length corresponding to the revolution of the earth around thesun.
 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising projecting a gaze pointobject in the digital space.
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the gazepoint object changes sizes during the time period.
 4. The method ofclaim 2 wherein the gaze point object is rotated during the time period.5. The method of claim 2 wherein the gaze point object changes shapeduring the time period.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the digitalspace is without planetary bodies.
 7. The method of claim 1 furthercomprising presenting sound in the range of 0.01 Hz to 1 kHz.
 8. Themethod of claim 6 further comprising presenting sound in the range of0.01 Hz to 400 Hz.
 9. The method of claim 1 further comprisingpresenting a pre-dawn virtual sky in the digital space prior to the dawnvirtual sky.
 10. The method of claim 1 further comprising presenting apre-dusk virtual sky in the digital space prior to the dusk virtual sky.11. The method of claim 1 further comprising transitioning the duskvirtual sky to the dark virtual sky in the digital space.
 12. The methodof claim 1 implemented on a head-mounted device.
 13. The method of claim1 implemented on multiple display devices.
 14. The method of claim 1implemented on a circular display device.
 15. The method of claim 1wherein the digital space is two-dimensional.
 16. The method of claim 1wherein the digital space is three-dimensional.